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Nostratic etymology : Eurasiatic: *swVlV Meaning: wet
Indo-European: *su:l- Altaic: *s^i_o:\li Uralic: *sula Kartvelian: *s/wel- (?)
References: МССНЯ 333; ND 2055 *s[u"]wolV 'liquid, moisture'. -------------------------------------------------------------------------- Indo-European etymology : Proto-IE: *su:l- Meaning: thick liquid
Old Indian: su:/ra- m. `Soma-juice', su/ra: f. `spirituous liquor, wine' Avestan: hura- 'Trank' Other Iranian: NPers hura: 'Kumys' Old Greek: hu":/la": `Bodensatz, Schleim, Kott, Schlamm, ko"rperliches Sekret', acc. hu":/la":-n осадок в вине или в воде (to\ kathi/zdon) Phot. Baltic: *sul-a:^ f., -ia:̃ f. Germanic: *sul-a- n., *sulw-o: f., *sulw-o:- vb., *saul(i)=, *saul-ia- vb.
Russ. meaning: густая жидкость
References: WP II 468 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- Baltic etymology : Proto-Baltic: *sul-a:^ f., -ia:̃ f. Meaning: juice, whey
Lithuanian: sula\ `Birkenwasser, -saft; fliessender Saft' Lettish: sula, sule `eine sich absorbernde Flu"ssigkeit, wie Saft von Ba"umen, Birkenwasser' Old Prussian: sulo `Matte' (= geronnene Milch) V. 693. -------------------------------------------------------------------------- Germanic etymology : Proto-Germanic: *sula-n, *sulwo:, *sulwo:n- vb., *saul(i)=, *saulian- vb. Meaning: spot, mud
Gothic: *bi-sauljan wk. `spot', *bi-saulnan wk. `become spotted, unclean' Norwegian: saula, so"yla `Schlamm, Pfu"tze', so"yla `beflecken' Swedish: dial. saula `beschmutzen' Old English: sol `dirty', sol, -es n., solu, -we/-e f. `miry, miry place'; solian (-ode) `make or bekome foul', { sylian } East Frisian: Fris soal Middle Dutch: sol m. `poel, vuil, drek', sole `geul, kuil' Dutch: sol m. `met water en modder gevulde kuil in het morenelandschap' Middle Low German: so":le `Schlamm, Schmutz, Dreck' Old High German: gi-sol (um 800), sol (9.Jh.) `Kotlache'; bi-sullen (12.Jh.) Middle High German: sol, so"l st. m. 'kotlache'; soln, suln wk. 'mit kot beschmutzen, im ko"te wa"lzen' German: Suhle; suhlen -------------------------------------------------------------------------- Pokorny's dictionary : Number: 1702 Root: seu-1, sew|@- : su:- English meaning: juice; liquid German meaning: `Saft, Feuchtes'; verbal: `Saft ausdru"cken' und `regnen; rinnen', in Weiterbildungen `(Saft) schlu"rfen, saugen'
Derivatives: su-la:- `Saft'
Material: 1. Gr. ὕει `es regnet', ὕω `lasse regnen' (*su:-i_o:), ὑετός `starker Regen' (*suu_-etos, wie νι>φετός); alb. shi `Regen' (*su:-); toch. В swese `Regen', su:-, swa:s- `regnen'; zu ὕει vielleicht ὕθλος (ὕσθλος, ὕσλος Gramm.) m. `leeres Geschwa"tz' (gleichsam `einto"nig tro"pfelnd'); 2. Ai. suno:/ti `pres|t aus, keltert' = av. hunaoiti ds.; ai. sa/vana-m, sava/- m. `Kelterung des Soma', suta/- `gekeltert', so:/ma- = av. hauma- m. `Soma'; ahd. sou, ags. se/aw `Saft', isl. so"ggr `feucht' (*sawwia-); air. suth `Saft, Milch' (*su>-tu-s); hierher wohl auch die FlN gall. Save, Savara, -ia und (illyr.) Savus (*Sou_os).
3. seu-d- in ags. be-su:tian `beschmutzen', westfa"l. sot `Dreck'; aisl. sut `Sorge', sy:ta `trauern'.
4. Gutturalerw.: seuk-, su:>k- und seug-, su:>g-:
Lat. su:go:, -ere `saugen'; lat. su:cus `Saft', cymr. sugno, mbret. sunaff, nbret. suna ds., sun `Saft', cymr. sugnedydd `Pumpe' (*seuk-n-; cymr. g aus dem lat. Lw. sug `Saft'), acymr. dissuncgnetic `exanclata' (morphologisch schwierige Gruppe); ags. su:can, ndl. zuiken `saugen'; ags. socian (*suko:n) `einweichen, aufsaugen', gesoc n. `das Saugen', aisl. su:ga (sju:ga) `saugen', sog n. `das Saugen', ags. as. ahd. su:gan `saugen', Kaus. norw. dial. søygja, mhd. so"ugen `sa"ugen', mhd. suc, soc, g. soges und souc, -ges `Saft', ags. sogeða m. `Schluck'; lett. su\kt `saugen'; apr. suge f. `Regen'.
5. l-Formantien: gr. ὕλη `Kot, Schlamm', ὑλίζω `filtere, kla"re'; ai. su:ra- m. `berauschender Trank'; su/ra: `Branntwein', av. hura: `Kumys' (wogul. sara, syrj. sur aus dem Iranischen) = lit. lett. sula\ `abflies|ender Baumsaft' (mit u: lett. su:la^t `siepen'), apr. sulo `geronnene Milch'; ags. sol n. `Schlamm, Pfu"tze', ahd. mnd. sol ds., ags. sylian `beschmutzen', as. sulwian, ahd. sullen ds., nhd. su"hlen, suhlen `sich im Kot wa"lzen'; got. bi-sauljan `beflecken', norw. søyla ds.
6. seup-, seub-: ai. su:/pa- m. `Bru"he, Suppe'; aisl. su:pa, ags. su:pan, ahd. su:fan `schlu"rfen, trinken, saufen', su:f `Bru"he, Suppe', mhd. suf, sof `Suppe', ags. sype m. `das Einsaugen', aisl.sopi m., ags. sopa `Schluck', vollstufig ahd. souf `Suppe', aisl. saup n. `Buttermilch'; ags. sopp f. `eingetunkte Bissen', mnd. (daraus mhd.) soppe, suppe', ahd. sopha, soffa `Bru"he, auch mit eingeweichten Schnitten; Bodensatz'; got. supo:n `wu"rzen' = ahd. soffo:n ds. (eig. `in Bru"he eintunken'); mhd. su:ft m., mnd. sucht `Seufzer', ahd. su:ft(e)o:n, mhd. siuften, siufzen `seufzen'; aisl. ags. sufl n. `Zukost', as. suval, ahd. suvil(i), -a `sorbiuncula'; mnd. su:vel, ndl. zuivel `der Buttergehalt der Milch';
aksl. sъs-o,, -ati, Iter. sysati `saugen' wohl aus *sup-s-.
References: WP. II 468 f., WH. II 622 f., Trautmann 257, 291 f. Pages: 912-913 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- Altaic etymology : Proto-Altaic: *s^i_o:\li/ Meaning: juice, fluid Russian meaning: сок, жидкость
Turkic: *so"l Mongolian: *silo" Tungus-Manchu: *s^o:la Japanese: *si\ru/
Comments: EAS 155, Ozawa 111, Murayama 1962, 110, Мудрак Дисс. 41. The Turkic vocalism is quite irregular, probably due to contamination with *si_u:li 'gall, pus' q. v. (a similar merger occurred in PJ). -------------------------------------------------------------------------- Turkic etymology : Proto-Turkic: *so"l Meaning: 1 juice in meat, lymph 2 soup, bouillon Russian meaning: 1 мясной сок, лимфа 2 суп, бульон
Old Turkic: so"l (OUygh.) 1 Karakhanid: so"l (MK) 1 Turkish: so"l (dial.) 1 Tatar: su"l, su"l-ge|n 1 Sary-Yughur: so"l 'ram's blood' Chuvash: s^ъl (dial.), шыл (XIX c., Bible) 2 Yakut: o"l 2 Kirghiz: so"l 1 Kazakh: so"l 1 Noghai: so"l 1 Bashkir: hu"l 1 Karakalpak: so"l 1
Comments: VEWT 430, EDT 824, ЭСТЯ 7. -------------------------------------------------------------------------- Mongolian etymology : Proto-Mongolian: *silo" Meaning: soup Russian meaning: суп
Written Mongolian: silu"(n) (L 708), s^u"lu" Middle Mongolian: s^ulen (HY 24, SH), s^i:le| (IM), s^ila"n (MA) Khalkha: s^o"l Buriat: s^u"len Kalmuck: s^o"ln, s^u"ln Ordos: s^o"lo" Dongxian: s^ulie 'soup; juice' Baoan: s^ile 'soup; juice' Dagur: s^il 'soup; juice' (Тод. Даг. 183), s^ile (MD 216) Shary-Yoghur: s^@len Monguor: s^ulo: (SM 385)
Comments: KW 371, MGCD 723, 728. Mong. > Chag. so"la"n, sila"n, Man. sile etc. (see TMN 1, 369-370, Rozycki 181). -------------------------------------------------------------------------- Tungus etymology : Proto-Tungus-Manchu: *s^o:la Meaning: 1 soup 2 juice Russian meaning: 1 суп 2 сок
Literary Manchu: s^ula 2 Ulcha: c^o:lo(n) 1 Nanai: c^o:lõ 1 Udighe: c^olo 1
Comments: ТМС 2, 405, 429. Man. c^ola- / c^o:la- 'to roast, broil (in a kettle' is most probably a result of interdialectal borrowing. The TM languages reflect also *sile / *silu 'soup' (see ТМС 2, 85, 138) which is a loanword from Mong., see Poppe 1966, 198, Doerfer MT 26. -------------------------------------------------------------------------- Japanese etymology : Proto-Japanese: *si\ru/ Meaning: juice; soup; pus Russian meaning: сок; суп; гной
Old Japanese: siru Middle Japanese: si\ru/ Tokyo: shi/ru Kyoto: shi\ru/ Kagoshima: shiru/
Comments: JLTT 526. -------------------------------------------------------------------------- Uralic etymology : Number: 925 Proto: *sula English meaning: melted, to melt German meaning: geschmolzen, aufgetaut; schmelzen, tauen
Finnish: sula 'ungefroren, weich, flu"ssig; lauter, blos|', sulaa- 'flu"ssig werden, schmelzen; flu"ssig machen' Estonian: sula 'weich, locker; flu"ssig, flies|end, tauend; rein, unvermischt', sula- 'schmelzen, tauen' Saam (Lapp): (s^o,l'gi- (N) 'to melt (tr.) - rejected by Redei) Mordovian: sola (E M) 'ungefroren, geschmolzen', sola- (E M) 'auftauen, schmelzen' Mari (Cheremis): s^@̑le- (KB), s^ule- (U B) Udmurt (Votyak): si_l-si_l 'мягкое состояние предмета (напр. при варке мяса)', (URS) si̮lmi̮- 'развариться (напр/ о картошке), растаять, раствориться' Komi (Zyrian): si̮l (S), si̮v (P), søl (PO) 'ungefroren, geschmolzen', si̮l- (S), si̮v- (P), søl.- (PO) 'schmelzen, auftauen' Khanty (Ostyak): lo>l@ (V), jo>l@ (Vj.) 'ungefroren', ta>t@ (DN) 'aufgetaut, geschmolzen; ungefrorener Boden', la>l (O) 'mit weicher Schneide', lo>la- (V), jo>la- (Vj.), ta>t- (DN), la>l- (O) 'schmelzen' Mansi (Vogul): tal-vo:j (LM) 'schmelzendes Fett', tal- (TJ), ta:la:n- (LU) 'schmelzen', ta%l- (K N), tol- (So.) Hungarian: olvad- 'schmelzen, tauen (intr.)', olvaszt- 'id. (tr.)' Sammalahti's version: *sula Yukaghir parallels: alaa- 'schmelzen (intr.)' [hardly here - SAS] -------------------------------------------------------------------------- Kartvelian etymology : Proto-Kartvelian: *s/ow- Russian meaning: быть мокpым English meaning: to be wet
Georgian: sov-, ДГ sov-; svel-, ДГ sov-el- 'wet' Megrel: s^@-; s^o-l- 'to wet' Laz: s^u(v)-, s^o-l-
Notes and references: ЭСКЯ 174 (*s/wel-), EWK 318. В МССHЯ 333 *s/wel- сравнивается с ПИЕ *sula: 'сок, напиток', алт. *sula 'влажный', урал. *sula- 'таять, талый' (аналогичное картв.-ИЕ сближение в Бомхард 1996, 163); но если *-el - суффикс, вероятнее объединение с *s/w- 'пить' и сравнение с другим корнем (ПИЕ *seu-, алт. *suwV, см. МССHЯ 341).
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